An elbow fracture is a broken bone. There are 3 bones that make up the elbow: the humerus, the radius, and the ulna. Fractures typically occur due to a traumatic event. Attempting to catch your body when falling, sporting injuries, and direct blows to the elbow may result in an elbow fracture.
Symptoms/Signs
When a fracture occurs, patients experience severe pain, limited range of motion, swelling and often times bruising. Pain typically occurs with any elbow motion and may be relieved with immobilization. Some patients notice deformity of the elbow due to movement of the bones from their normal position. The severity of symptoms can vary greatly depending on the type of fracture.
Evaluation
Your orthopedic surgeon will review the history of your elbow pain and perform a physical exam. X-rays are the primary imaging technique used to evaluate the bones of the elbow and diagnose a fracture. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) may be ordered as adjunct imaging and can provide additional information related to your diagnosis and treatment.
X-ray of an elbow fracture involving the humerus
Treatment
Non-Operative Treatment
The majority of fractures can be treated non-operatively. Cast immobilization is the most commonly utilized treatment. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication is often prescribed to help with pain control. Sometimes, stronger pain medication is prescribed as well. Physical therapy can help patients regain their range of motion and strength after the fracture has healed.
Surgical Treatment
Some fractures do require surgical treatment and your orthopaedic surgeon will determine if surgery is indicated and discuss the risks and benefits with you. Surgery can be performed either in an ambulatory surgery center or a hospital depending on a patient's general health. Surgery involves setting the broken bones and often times using a plate and screws to stabilize the fracture. Minimally invasive surgery and joint replacement are potential options for some fractures as well. After surgery, your elbow is immobilized for a period of time in a sling or cast to allow it to heal. Physical therapy is commonly recommended after fracture healing occurs to rehabilitate your elbow. Most patients are able to successfully resume their normal activities and even sports after surgery.
X-ray of plates and screws used to stabilize an elbow fracture
